Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti

On February 19th, we commemorate the birth of the great Maratha warrior-king Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. His jayanti, though celebrated predominantly in the Indian state of Maharashtra, is observed across the country, honouring his enduring legacy. 

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of the Maratha empire, was born in 1630 at Shivneri Fort near Pune. From a young age, he exhibited strong leadership skills through his innovative military strategies. At the age of 16, he seized the Torna fort and, by the time he turned 17, had taken the Raigad and Kondana forts. Shivaji Maharaj carved out his territory from the declining Adilshahi Sultanate of Bijapur, which eventually paved the way for the Maratha Empire. His talent and strategic genius allowed him to bring people together under the Hindavi Swarajya flag. 

Shivaji Maharaj is also revered for his commitment to religious tolerance as well as his heroic defense of Hinduism against religious persecution from the Mughal kings. Emperor Aurangzeb, in particular, sought to impose strict Islamic law and practices throughout his empire which caused widespread resentment among his Hindu subjects. Shivaji Maharaj recognized their plight, unified the Hindus against their oppressors, and led them to numerous victories against Mughal commanders. 

The great Maratha warrior was officially coronated in 1674 when he took on the title of chhatrapati among others. Under his rule, women and religious minorities flourished, as he was a strong advocate for equality and tolerance. He encouraged the education of women and supported religious pluralism where minorities practiced their faith without fear. He passed away in 1680. 

The chhatrapati’s tomb in Raigad, near Pune, was re-discovered nearly 200 years later by Mahatma Jyotirao Phule. One of the greatest social reformers of his time, Phule initiated the tradition of celebrating Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Jayanti in an effort to rekindle Marathi-Hindu pride under colonial oppression. Today, the festival brings together the rich and diverse cultural heritage of the Maratha community. 

The author, Bhavya A, is a CoHNA youth volunteer.